Heritage Diplomacy and India’s Foreign Policy: Reconnecting Civilizational Links through Culture and Memory

Abstract

This paper examines the role of heritage diplomacy in shaping India's foreign policy, focusing on how culture, memory, and civilizational identity are used to build global legitimacy. Drawing on the idea of soft power proposed by Joseph Nye, it argues that India uses its rich cultural heritage such as Buddhism, ancient trade networks, and shared historical experiences as tools of diplomatic engagement. Initiatives like Project Mausam highlight efforts to reconnect countries of the Indian Ocean region through common cultural and historical ties.

The study also explores how selective use of historical memory helps India present itself as a civilizational state, enhancing its moral authority and international image. Cultural elements such as religious diplomacy, diaspora connections, and globally recognized heritage sites further strengthen India's non-coercive influence.

However, the paper critically examines the limitations of this approach, including the risk of over-reliance on symbolic narratives and the politicization of culture. It argues that while heritage diplomacy is an effective strategy, its success depends on balancing cultural projection with practical foreign policy goals. Overall, the paper highlights how India combines culture and strategy to redefine its role in global politics.

Keywords: Heritage Diplomacy, Indian Foreign Policy, Soft Power, Cultural Diplomacy, Civilizational Identity, Global Legitimacy, Historical Memory, Project Mausam